Engine cooling and lubricating system



W. E. BRILL ENGINE COOLING AND LUBRICATING SYSTEM Sept. 9, 1952 2 SHEETS-SHEET l Filed Feb. l0, i949 Sept 9, 1952 w. E. BRILL ENGINE COLING AND LUBRICATING SYSTEM 2 SHEETS--SHE'ET 2 Filed Feb. l0,

Patented Sept. 9, "1952 2,699,799 v ENGINE COOLING AND LUERICATING n SYSTEM`.' WillianrE. Brillj Cleveland, Ohio', assigner to General MotorsyCorporation, Detroit, Mich., a

corporationcf DelawareA Applicatien February 1o, 1949, serial No. 75,586

` The present invention generally relates to improvements in internal combustion engines and more Vparticularlyl to means for lubricating and cooling radially disposed reciprocating and rotatving parts f aradialengine.

The principal object ofthe present invention is `to provide oil passages in the crankshaft, crankpins and the connecting rods having slipper type bearings 'of segmental form bearingat diierent points on each crankpin for lubricating the piston Alrrlinsgan-d.' cooling the pistons having oil directing means and oil jets impingingthereon `to` insure adequate cooling of the pistons and adequate lubrication of the bearings of a lightweight twocyclecompression ignition engine of the multirow radial type adapted to operate 'continuously at high speeds' and loads.

"Q Thecombined means and arrangement thereof LbyWhich theabove object is accomplished to- Agether with other novel features of the invention will become apparent by reference to the following detailed description and accompanying drawingsclearly disclosing these means and the arrangement thereof.

Figure `lof the drawings is a longitudinal secl tional View of the engine with parts away and in section.` l

Figure 2 is a transverse sectional view taken on shown broken 'line 2`2 of Figure l with parts shown broken away and in section. e y j y l Figure 3 is Aan enlarged View of a portion of `Figure 2 with parts shown broken away and in section. M

' Figurefl is an enlarged sectional view of an j engine piston taken on line 4 4 of Figure 2.

` Figure 5 `is a `longitudinal elevation view of the e engine crankshaft with parts shown broken away 'and in section.`

Figure 6 is an end e -li ofFigure 5. Y Figure 'I isa transverse sectional viewtaken online 1-1 of Figure5. j Y

Figure 8 isa chart showing the sequence of levation View taken on line `events occurring in the lubrication .and cooling cycle of the engine. .j c

The engineillustrated in the various figures of `1 the drawingsis a lightweight two-cycle, compression ignition engine of the multi-row radial type.

The engine comprisesa fabricated frame,v gen- 9 claims. (ol. 12s- 41.389

5, thereby to position each of the four crankpins I1 and crank arms I8 of the shaft between a-djacent stress members 3. y 1 e 'e I l The cylinder linerdeck` members 5--1 are provided with radially aligned openings in which one row `of four cylinder liners I9 are supported 90 apartthe liners in each radial row forming four longitudinally aligned cylinder banks A-BC- D of four cylinders each. Each liner is provided with a coolantjacket 23 anda circumferential row of air' inlet scavenging'and charging ports 25 opening into the space between the inner and outer deck members 5-1 and between adjacent stress members 3, the intermediate stress members -3 having openings 21 therein also located between the deck members to provide a common air chamber, generally indicated by the character reference 29 for the air inlet ports 25 of all the engine cylinder liners I9. y 4Each of the engine pistons, generally indicate by the character reference 3|, is slidahle in a cylinder liner I9 past the air inlet ports 25 therein. Each piston has a head portion 33, a skirt portion 35 and longitudinally spaced piston pin carrier `portions 31 extending inwardly from the head portion. The upper extremities of these carrier portions 31 and the head portion 33 are connected by arcuate webs 369 to form a central inverted dome shaped piston cavity 49 and an annular groove 4I lconcentric therewith adjacent the piston head portion 33. The piston carrier portions 31 are provided with longitudinally aligned holes in which the end portions of a piston pin II3L are rotatably carried and two pairs of oil directing passages 44-45 t0 lbe subsequently described'are provided in the pin carrier portions 31 radially outwardly from the ends of the pin. Suitable piston pin retaining means are shown adjacent the ends of the pistonpin 4'3 in the openings in the piston carrier' portions 31 to prevent outward'movement of the pin.

f Thefouter end lof a connecting rod 41 is shownI provided with an `opening in which a piston pin lbushing 4'9 is secured. VThe intermediate portion of the piston pin 43 is rotatable Vin the bushing 49.` An internal groove 5I is provided in the central portion of the opening in the connecting rod surrounding the piston pin bushing 49. Diametral 4holes 53 in the bushinglead from the rod groove 5I to the piston pin 43 and an `axial oil hole 53 extends from the outer end of the connecting rod`41 into the groove 5I around theppistonpin bushing 49 and terminates adjacent a slipper bearing portion 55 of the connecting rod of segmental. form adapted to bear on an arcuate portion of a crankshaft crankpin I1 of the fillet portions at the ends thereof. The end faces of slipper bearing portions 55 of the connecting rods bear on the radial faces of the crank cheeks and are provided with arcuate grooves 59 adjacent the Y fillet portions of.4 thevcrankpin illA and/oil` holes The slipper bearing portions v55 of four con-- necting rods 4l' for the four pistons/3l 'in each tudinally so that two narrow diverging jets of l`oil Aare directed longitudinally in.'opposite di- Vrect-ions onto the innerfwallof-the^piston head within the central piston cavity 40 and the two Y ,jets being deflected therefromv and also meet along-the .transverse center plane of this cavity.

y Oil is also directed alternately either side of the radial row of cylinder liners 1S are retained in bearing relation on each vcrankpin lelrof I.the

crankshaft by means of a pairfofsplitretaining rings 63 encircling and bearing on the outer' arcuate surfaces or the slipper bearing portions 55 between the shank portion of the connecting rod and the radial surfaces ofthe ad# jacent crank cheeks, fAs best illustrated in "Figure 3 the diametral'abutting vend faces of the `two parts of each split ring v63 Aare A provided with transverse interengaging teethe Bfand .-studs ..61 having right and left-hand threaded-.portions E1-JH lengaging .similar threaded -portions'iof "the ysplit ring to Aretain 'these fteethin engagement and theinternal surfacepf -the vsplit .ring j .inwlbearing engagement with the .external'arcuate `surfaces of the slipper.bearinguportions-.of .four connecting rodsr and thereby .retain 'the internal "arcuate bearing surfacev in bearing .contact with peripheral lportions-.and the fillet -portionsof va cran-kpin at highengine :speeds .In order torsupplyoilto the piston cavities 4.0--4'1 .through VVthe previously mentioned oil ,directing passages i4-45 therein Yand Yalso through connecting vrod `passages 53-7-6l which '.alsonsupplies oil to the piston pin two .pairsof nozzles 'I3- i5 are secured-.to adjacent .main

V.bearing adapters 9 -for V.each -piston toedirect loil -tozthe oil directing.l passages vand .twopairs ofoil passagesEle-99.are-.providedbetween each crankpin i`lof .the vcrankshaft vand adjacent -main journals thereof. '.Each pair ,of rnozzles 'i3-7.5 is .secured to a Vbracket 8.1 .havinga nozzle supplypassage 82 connected byrneans cfa tube..83 to certain oilv `pressure.manioldsjilextending longitudinally 'between .the 4cylinder -liner banks. Each main bearing Il.' isprovided with a centrally located internal. groove 81 andpas- .sages 89-9l communicating .therewith in, each r.main bearing Il and-eachmain bearing adapter 9 is .connected by means. .or a tube -.93 with certain other .oil pressure Vmanifolds v915V also extending .longitudinallybetween*the cylinder banks. VThe oir-pressure.manifolds LBS-495 are supplied with .oil under pressure by .engine driven oil pumps,

not shown. Y

,.Eachpairof nozzles 'i3-l5 arearranged to direct parallel jets of oil radially outwardly into each pair ofoil directing passages lill-#5 .hav- .ing circular converging oil inlet voricesand narrow rectangular oil discharge .orifices havingdiverging narrow side walls, as best vshown .irnFigures l, 2 and 4 of thedrawings. As best ,shownin Figure 4 v,the inlet orifices .ofjeach pair of roil directing passages are located radially outwardly lfromeach kend of the *pistonpin' 3 .andonppposite-sides of the centerline of the rpin. The separate vpassages 44 and "d5 of each .pair are positioned diagonally with lrespectto theends of the pin. The axes of the separate ,passages 64 are transversely, inclined in opposite directions .toward the longitudinal center plane of the annular piston groove` 4I Yso that two'narrow divergingjjets of'oil are' directedirom the outlet oriiicesonto the walls of the pistonl groove -4| and are deflected in oppositev directions around lthe'walls, the two deflected oil jets meeting along theftransverse center plane oi` the piston groove.

L'Ihe axes oi the passagesniiare.inclined longi longitudinal center plane of the central piston z-ffcavityglllilgalong: the transverse center line of '-thefinner-surface'of the piston head portion from thelongitudinalmole 53 of the connecting rod 4l-..by":oscillation of the connecting rod. Oil pressure is supplied to this hole 53 from the branch-holes 6l leading to each of the grooves 59 in each end face of slipper bearing portions `'.55 .of vvthe'rod 41 adjacent thefilletgportions of the Vcrankpin YIl. Two pairs `of oil holesf9I-11.99

" are :drilled angularly from vsubstantially opposite points in Aeach end fillet fportionof ,leachf 4crankpin H from either side of.rthelongitudinalfmidplane Vofthe crank "arms tto-substantially-diametri cally- 4fopposite points :in if each adjacent main journal intermediateA the ends thereof 'for `registry -with the oilpressure supply .groovesll vin` the main-bearings I3. `The arcuate. grooves 5B, yin Athe -.-ends of .the connecting 4rod vslipper bearing portions .-55 are `of=suicientarcuate length yfor intermittent simultaneous-registrashaft .the foil pressure spilling fromleachoflrthe crankshaitholes QL-.Sfour .times .eachcrankshaft revolution when rotating '..between `..the

. slipper :bearings of .the rods,fof-feach..cylinder bank as best indicated inthe .chartFigure..8.

. vAs .best -seen in Figure. 2, when the `crankpin VI .is on .upper .deadcentery with referencefto the cylinder liner bank A, corresponding..to .zero crankshaft .,.degrees A`in Figure 8 -and .moving V.counterclnclrwise .in the. direction of. the arrow, 'the two crankshaft oil holeslpf `eachpainof holes register with vthe. .arcuate groovesjl59 :and passages 53-51 in theconnec'ting rods '1241.Lof the pistons 3! in cylinder liner bank D andthe other two crankshaft oil,holes .91.of each-,pair

register with the grooves 59 vand .passages S34-Bl in .the .connecting vrods-'i411 ,ofthe .pistonsi 3l in cylinder liner bankB. "Twenty ldegreeslaterthe `crankpin Il is'ZOo past upperdead vcenter .with

relation to cylinder 'bank A and70:ahead of upper dead center with relation `to ,cylindeibank D.. and `the .crankshaft oil holes 99. move out of register with the oil grooves, 59 .of the..connect ing rod 41 of cylinder bank '.D `and .oil pressure spills Vfrom the holes.99..into 'the internalsurfaces of the connecting rod retaining frings' `63. Two degrees later the crankshaft' oil holesl'g'l move out of register with the grooves' Gl "inthe connecting rod 41 of bankB. `The crankpin H f is now at'a'position 22afterupper deadV center with respect-to cylinder bank A, 68-ahead of upperdead center with reference Ato cylinder .bankDzandnil'pressure'spillrom the oil'=holes y and 69 ahead of lower dead center.

" bank A to nu the passages 53-sl therein. The

crankpin Il islnow at a position 56 after upper dead center with reference to cylinder bank A It will be noted from vthe chart Figure Sthat oil pressure filling of the grooves 59 and passages 53-6I of the connecting rod of 4each cylinder bank starts approximately 55 after upper dead center and continues for approximately 55 until the rod is approximately 110 past upper dead center, and oil pressure lling again occurs at approximately 55 after low dead center and continues approximately 55 and ends approximately'w" before upper dead center. Oil pressure spilling from both pairs of crankshaft oil holes onto the connecting rod retaining rings occurring for approximately of crank angle between oil pressure filling of the connecting rods of adjacent cylinder banks. l

It will be evident from Figure 8 that the crankshaft oil holes register with the rod grooves and passages of each connecting rod twice each revolution of the crankpin for an'interval of approximately 55 crankshaft degrees ending approximately 70 before upper and lower dead vcenter positions and during mid power and charging strokes of the pistons. The oil lling the crankshaft and connecting rod passages at these times will Ibe sprayed from the longitudinal oil holes 53 in the connecting rod at high pressure onto the inner surface of the piston head forming the central piston cavity 49 either l side of the longitudinal axis of the piston at an angle as the connecting rod is then inclined oppositely with respect to the longitudinal center line of the piston. Oil pressure in the connecting rod passages is applied also to the piston pin through the oil holes 53 in the piston pin bushing 49. The scrubbing action of this intermittent oil spray from the rod passages into theA piston together with the continuous longitudinal and circumferential scrubbing action of the diverging oil jets directed by oil directing passages 44-45 in the piston from the stationary nozzles '13--15 provides efficient cooling of the engine pistons at high speeds and loads. This oil from the pistons and the oil spray from the crankshaft holes 91-99 onto the connecting rod lretaining 4rings falls directly on the portions of crankpin surfaces between the slipper bearing portions 55 of the rod for adequate lubrication of the crankpins. By providing the arcuate oil entrance grooves in the lightly loaded end `faces rather than in the heavily loaded arcuate faces of connecting rod slipper bearing portions bearing on the peripheral portions o`f the crankpin and by providing the above described means for adequately lubricating these bearings no oil grooves need be provided therein and greater bearing area is accordingly obtained to Withstand these high loads.

I claim:

1. In an internal combustion engine lubricating and cooling system, an engine frame including a cylinder, nozzles on said frame for directing lubricating and cooling fluid into the cylinder, a piston havingA a skirt slidable in the cylinder and a head having an inward extension forming a central head cavity and surrounding groove and having iiuid directing passages supplied with fluid from the nozzles for directing fluid into the head cavity and surrounding groove. v

2. In an internal combustion engine and cooling system, an enginesframe including aligned main bearings and a cylinder disposed radially therebetween, a crankshaft having main journals supported in the main bearings and crank arms and a crankpin therebetween, said crankshaft having lubricating and cooling fluid pressure supply passages extending from each main bearing to the adjacent end of the crankpin, a piston having a skirt slidable in the cylinder, a head portion and a piston pin carrier portion, a piston pin supported in the piston pin carrier portion, a connecting rod having a crankpin bearing portion engageable with the crankpin and having grooves in the ends registering intermittently with the crankshaft fluid supply passages and passages in the rod leading from the rod grooves to the opposite end of the rod pivotally` connected to the piston pin for supplying uid to the piston head and piston pin.

3. In an internal combustion engine lubricating and cooling system, an engine frame including a cylinder, nozzles on said frame for directing jets of lubricating and cooling oil into the cylinder, a piston having a skirt slidable in the cylinder and a head having an inwardly extending portion forming a head cavity and a surrounding groove l and provided with aligned bearing openings for a piston pin and oil directing openings aligned with the oil jets from the nozzles and having narrow diverging outlets facing the wall of the piston head cavity and surrounding groove for directing narrow diverging streams of oil across the piston cavity surface and onto bottom and around the walls of the surrounding groove, the oil from the head cavity and groove lubricating the pistonpin bearing openings. Y

4. In an internal combustion engine lubricating and cooling system, an engine frame including longitudinally aligned main bearings, cylinders disposed radially therebetween and nozzles for directing jets of lubricating and cooling oil radially into the cylinders, a piston in each cylinder including a skirt portion and a head portion extending into the skirt portion and forming a pis- `t0n pin carrier, a central head cavity and surrounding groove, a piston pin supported at the ends in the piston pin carrier portion, said carrier portion having oil directing passages adjacent the ends of the piston pin including inlet openings aligned with the oil jets from the nozzles and narrow diverging outlets for directing oil in narrow diverging oil streams across the wall of the central piston head cavity in opposite directions toward the transverse center line thereof and for directing narrow diverging oil streams onto the bottom of the groove at substantially diametrically opposite points for movement in opposite directions around the groove walls toward the trans'- verse center line of the piston, the oil from the cavity and groove lubricating the piston `pin and carrier portion of the piston.

5. In an internal combustion engine lubricating and cooling system, an engine frame including longitudinally aligned main bearings, cylinders disposed radially therebetween and nozzles for directing jets of lubricating and cooling oil radially into the cylinders, a piston in each cylinder including a skirt portion and a head portion extending into the skirt portion and forming a piston pin carrier, a central head cavity and surrounding groove, a piston pin supported at the ends in the piston pin carrier portion, said carrier portion having oil directing passages adjacent the ends of the piston pin including converging inlet openings aligned with the oil jets from the nozzles and narrow diverging outlets for directing oil in narrow diverging oil streams across the wall of theycentral; piston head'cavityinv opposite directions toward the-transverse center line thereof and yfor :directing-'narrow diverging oil streams ontothe bottom'ofgthe groove atsubstantially zdiaznetrically yopposite' points for movement' .in

opposite Adirections* around the g-roove .walls tc- -Ward' the transverse center line of the piston, the oil `fromthe cavity vand groove lubricating the pistonpin and carrier. 4portion Yof the piston.

6. VIn aninternal-combustion engine lubricating and cooling system, an engine iframe including longitudinally'spaoedmain bearings, a cylinder therebetweenland 'nozzles for directing jets of lubricating. and. cooling oil radially into the cylinder, a piston having a skirt slidable :in the cylinderanda head having a .portion projecting into the vskirt and forming a dome shaped central cavity and a surrounding grcovesaid head portion having longitudinally aligned piston vpin bearing` openings and oil directing openings adjacent the ends of said bearing openings having converging inlet portions aligned with .the lubricating and cooling oil jets from the .nozzles and narrow diver-ging outlet portions directed toward `the surfaces ofthe dome shaped' central cavity and bottom of the annular groove at substantially diametrically opposite points.

7. In a lubricating and cooling system for an internal combustion engine, an engine'frame including longitudinally aligned main bearings and cylinders disposed radially therebetween, a crankshaft having main journals supported in the main bearings, crank arms and a crankpin having llets lat the ends and a pairv of lubricating oil delivery passages extending from each crankpin fillet on opposite sides of the center plane of the crank arms to a lubricating supply opening in an adjacent main journal, a plurality of connecting rods-each having an inner end arcuate crankpin bearing portion in engagement with each crankpin and the'end fillets thereof and provided with arcuate grooves in the end faces alternately registering with each of the lubricating oil delivery passages in the crankpin llet portions and having passages leading from these grooves to the outer end of the rod, split retaining rings including end clamping bolts surrounding the ends of the connecting rod inner end crankpin bearing portions for retaining these portions in engagement with the crankpin, a piston in each cylinder including a piston pin carrier and a piston pin in each piston carrier pivotally connected to the outer end of the connecting rod.

3. In an internal combustion engine lubricating and cooling system, an engine frame including longitudinally aligned main bearings having circumferential oil supply grooves, a plurality of Y'cylinders disposed radially between the bearings, a pair of nozzles adjacent the ends of each main bearing for directing oil jetslinto each cylinder, a crankshaft having main journals supported in the main bearings and crank arms and a cranklpin between the main journals, said crankshaft having a pair of lubricating passages Ybetween each main journal and the adjacent end of a crankpin, said passages leading from pointsl in the main journal registering with the oil supply groove in a main bearing and located on either side of the mid-plane of a crank and leading l to openings yin opposite sides of theend of the adjacent crankpin, a piston in each cylinder having a skirt and a dome shaped head having a projection extending into the skirt and forming a dome shaped centrall head cavity and a sur- [rounding groove, said head projection having pisytonjilvin bearing-.openings and a pair-of; oil ldirecting passagesadjacent each'endof the piston -5 havingginlet openings in alignmenty withV thegoil Vjetsifromsaid nozzles and narrow divergingout- -letsfor directing oilfacross thewall of the central dome shaped piston cavity from oppositejends thereof and onto the-bottom of the surrounding pistongroove from opposite ends andzaround the groove vin opposite directions, apiston pin in each of said'piston bearing openings adjacent the cen- Vtralpiston cavity, a `connecting rod pivoted on Y .'each .piston pin and .having an arcuate'slipper y bearing portion engageablewitha peripheral-portion of afcrankpin, split'retaining'rings having clamping bolts with opposed hand threaded ,portions encircling and bearing on thelouter end surface of the Yconnecting rod bearingsV and in the plane of the lubricating openings inthe crankpin, said connecting rod bearings having arcuate grooves in the end faces registering alternately with the crankshaft lubricating passages Yand connecting passages leading `fromxthese grooves to the piston pin' and an opening inthe end of the rod adjacent the central piston head cavity Vfor cooling the head and'lubricating the piston pin.

'9. In an internal combustion engine lubricating and cooling system, an engine frame including longitudinally aligned main bearings, each bearinghaving an oil pressure supply groove and engine cylinders disposed radially Vintermediate the main bearings, a crankshaft having Ymain journals supported in the main bearings, crank arms and crankpins having fillets at the ends thereof and a pair of oil vpassagesin each main journal communicating with the oil pressuresupply groove therein and extending to the fillets of adjacent crankpins, said passagesleading'from points in the main journals either side ofveach crank farm to points in adjacent crankpin illets on opposite sides of the crank-arms, a plurality of connecting rods for each crankpin, each connecting rod having an arcuate, inner end bearing portion in engagement with a portion of a crankpin and fillets thereof and arcuate oil grooves in the ends registering with the crankshaft oil passages twice each revolution of the crankshaft, a piston pin opening adjacent the outer end of the rod and oil passages leading from each arcuate groove therein to the outer end of the rod and communicating. with the piston vpin opening, a piston pinrotatable in the piston pin opening of each rod and a piston sldable vrin each cylinder and rotatable on a piston pin and having a cavity adjacent the outer end of the oil passage in a connecting rod to receive oil under pressure there- 'from to cool and lubricate the piston, cylinder,

piston pin and connecting rod.

WILLIAM E. BRILL,

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the le of this patent:

UNITED STATES' PATENTS Number Name Date 1,628,652 Carlson May `17', 1927 1,910,902 McKone May 23, 1933 2,046,196 v'IruXell June 30, 1936 2,456,668 Anderson Dec. 21, 1948 FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country Date 358,332 Germany Sept. 19, 1922 372,072 `Great Britain M ay 5, 1932 

